jiangcang_uo/data_loader.py

import os
import time
import random
import atexit
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import gc
from concurrent.futures import ProcessPoolExecutor, as_completed
import pymongo
from pymongo.errors import PyMongoError, ServerSelectionTimeoutError
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
import matplotlib.dates as mdates
from uo_atlas_import import mongo_con_parse
from config import mongo_config, mongo_table_uo, uo_city_pairs_old, uo_city_pairs_new

font_path = "./simhei.ttf"
font_prop = font_manager.FontProperties(fname=font_path)

_worker_client = None
_worker_db = None


def _close_worker_mongo():
    global _worker_client, _worker_db
    if _worker_client is not None:
        try:
            _worker_client.close()
        except Exception:
            pass
    _worker_client = None
    _worker_db = None


def init_worker_mongo(db_config):
    global _worker_client, _worker_db
    try:
        _worker_client, _worker_db = mongo_con_parse(db_config)
        atexit.register(_close_worker_mongo)
        print("[worker] ✅ 数据库连接创建成功")
    except Exception as e:
        _worker_client = None
        _worker_db = None
        print(f"[worker] ❌ 数据库连接创建失败: {e}")


def query_groups_of_city_pair(db, city_pair, table_name, min_days=10, max_retries=3, base_sleep=1.0):
    """根据city_pair查询航线, 筛选1个月内至少有10天起飞的航线"""
    print(f"{city_pair} 查找所有分组")
    date_begin = (datetime.today() - timedelta(days=30)).strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
    date_end = datetime.today().strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
    
    for attempt in range(1, max_retries + 1):
        try:
            print(f"  第 {attempt}/{max_retries} 次尝试查询")

            collection = db[table_name]
            query = {
                "citypair": city_pair,
                "from_date": {
                    "$gte": date_begin,
                    "$lte": date_end
                }
            }
            projection = {
                "_id": 0,
                "flight_numbers": 1,
                "from_date": 1
            }

            raw_rows = list(collection.find(query, projection))
            if not raw_rows:
                return []

            df = pd.DataFrame(raw_rows)
            if df.empty or 'flight_numbers' not in df.columns or 'from_date' not in df.columns:
                return []
            
            df = df.dropna(subset=['flight_numbers', 'from_date'])
            if df.empty:
                return []
            
            df = df.drop_duplicates(subset=['flight_numbers', 'from_date'])

            df_grouped = (
                df.groupby('flight_numbers', as_index=False)
                .agg(days=('from_date', 'size'), flight_dates=('from_date', lambda s: sorted(s.tolist())))
            )
            df_grouped = df_grouped[df_grouped['days'] >= min_days].sort_values('flight_numbers').reset_index(drop=True)

            if df_grouped.empty:
                return []

            formatted_results = df_grouped[['flight_numbers', 'days', 'flight_dates']].to_dict(orient='records')
            return formatted_results

        except (ServerSelectionTimeoutError, PyMongoError) as e:
            print(f"⚠️ Mongo 查询失败: {e}")
            if attempt == max_retries:
                print("❌ 达到最大重试次数，放弃")
                return []

            # 指数退避 + 随机抖动
            sleep_time = base_sleep * (2 ** (attempt - 1)) + random.random()
            print(f"⏳ {sleep_time:.2f}s 后重试...")
            time.sleep(sleep_time)


def query_flight_range_status(db, table_name, city_pair, flight_numbers, from_date_begin, from_date_end, 
                              limit=0, max_retries=3, base_sleep=1.0):
    for attempt in range(1, max_retries + 1):
        try:
            print(f"🔁 第 {attempt}/{max_retries} 次尝试查询")
            # 构建查询条件
            projection = {
                # "_id": 0   # 一般会关掉
                "citypair": 1,
                "flight_numbers": 1,
                "from_date": 1,
                "from_time": 1,
                "create_time": 1,
                "baggage_weight": 1,
                "cabins": 1,
                "ticket_amount": 1,
                "currency": 1,
                "price_base": 1,
                "price_tax": 1,
                "price_total": 1
            }            
            pipeline = [
                {
                    "$match": {
                        "citypair": city_pair,
                        "flight_numbers": flight_numbers,
                        "baggage_weight": {"$in": [0, 20]},
                        "from_date": {
                            "$gte": from_date_begin,
                            "$lte": from_date_end
                        }
                    }
                },
                {
                    "$project": projection   # 就是这里
                },
                {
                    "$sort": {
                        "from_date": 1,
                        "baggage_weight": 1, 
                        "create_time": 1
                    }
                }
            ]
            # print(f"   查询条件: {pipeline}")
            # 执行查询
            collection = db[table_name]
            results = list(collection.aggregate(pipeline))
            print(f"✅ 查询成功，找到 {len(results)} 条记录")

            if results:
                df = pd.DataFrame(results)
                if '_id' in df.columns:
                    df = df.drop(columns=['_id'])
                
                if 'from_time' in df.columns and 'from_date' in df.columns:
                    key_cols = ['citypair', 'flight_numbers', 'from_date']
                    group_cols = [col for col in key_cols if col in df.columns]

                    from_time_raw = df['from_time']
                    from_time_str = from_time_raw.fillna('').astype(str).str.strip()
                    extracted_time = from_time_str.str.extract(r'(\d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2})$')[0]
                    valid_time_mask = from_time_str.ne('') & extracted_time.notna()

                    if valid_time_mask.any():
                        missing_mask = from_time_raw.isna() | from_time_str.eq('')
                    
                        if group_cols:
                            mode_by_group = (
                                df.loc[valid_time_mask, group_cols]
                                .assign(_mode_time=extracted_time.loc[valid_time_mask].values)
                                .groupby(group_cols, dropna=False)['_mode_time']
                                .agg(lambda s: s.value_counts().idxmax())
                                .reset_index()
                            )
                            df = df.merge(mode_by_group, on=group_cols, how='left')
                            fill_mask = missing_mask & df['_mode_time'].notna()
                            if fill_mask.any():
                                df.loc[fill_mask, 'from_time'] = (
                                    df.loc[fill_mask, 'from_date'].astype(str).str.strip() + ' ' + df.loc[fill_mask, '_mode_time']
                                )
                            df = df.drop(columns=['_mode_time'])

                            remaining_missing_mask = df['from_time'].isna() | df['from_time'].astype(str).str.strip().eq('')
                            if remaining_missing_mask.any():
                                more_time = extracted_time.loc[valid_time_mask].value_counts().idxmax()
                                df.loc[remaining_missing_mask, 'from_time'] = (
                                    df.loc[remaining_missing_mask, 'from_date'].astype(str).str.strip() + ' ' + more_time
                                )
                                pass
                        else:
                            more_time = extracted_time.loc[valid_time_mask].value_counts().idxmax()
                            if missing_mask.any():
                                df.loc[missing_mask, 'from_time'] = df.loc[missing_mask, 'from_date'].astype(str).str.strip() + ' ' + more_time
                    else:
                        print(f"⚠️ 无法提取有效起飞时间，抛弃该条记录")
                        return pd.DataFrame()

                print(f"📊 已转换为 DataFrame，形状: {df.shape}")
                return df

            else:
                print("⚠️  查询结果为空")
                return pd.DataFrame()

        except (ServerSelectionTimeoutError, PyMongoError) as e:
            print(f"⚠️ Mongo 查询失败: {e}")
            if attempt == max_retries:
                print("❌ 达到最大重试次数，放弃")
                return pd.DataFrame()
            
            # 指数退避 + 随机抖动
            sleep_time = base_sleep * (2 ** (attempt - 1)) + random.random()
            print(f"⏳ {sleep_time:.2f}s 后重试...")
            time.sleep(sleep_time)


def plot_c1_trend(df, output_dir="."):
    """
    根据传入的 dataframe 绘制 price_total 随 update_hour 的趋势图，
    并按照 baggage 分类进行分组绘制。
    """
    # 颜色与线型配置（按顺序循环使用）
    colors = ['green', 'blue', 'red', 'brown']
    linestyles = ['--', '--', '--', '--']

    # 确保时间字段为 datetime 类型
    if not hasattr(df['update_hour'], 'dt'):
        df['update_hour'] = pd.to_datetime(df['update_hour'])
    
    city_pair = df['citypair'].mode().iloc[0]
    flight_numbers = df['flight_numbers'].mode().iloc[0]
    from_time = df['from_time'].mode().iloc[0]
    
    output_dir_temp = os.path.join(output_dir, city_pair)
    os.makedirs(output_dir_temp, exist_ok=True)

    df = df[df['baggage_weight'] == 0]  # 只保留无行李的

    # 创建图表对象
    fig = plt.figure(figsize=(14, 8))

    # 按 baggage_weight 分类绘制
    for i, (baggage_value, group) in enumerate(df.groupby('baggage_weight')):
        # 按时间排序
        df_g = group.sort_values('update_hour').reset_index(drop=True)

        # 找价格变化点：与前一行不同的价格即为变化点
        # keep first row + change rows + last row
        change_points = df_g.loc[
            (df_g['price_total'] != df_g['price_total'].shift(1)) |
            (df_g.index == 0) |
            (df_g.index == len(df_g) - 1)  # 终点
        ].drop_duplicates(subset=['update_hour'])

        # 绘制阶梯线（平缓-突变）+ 变化点
        plt.step(
            change_points['update_hour'],
            change_points['price_total'],
            where='post',
            color=colors[i % len(colors)],
            linestyle=linestyles[i % len(linestyles)],
            linewidth=2,
            label=f"Baggage {baggage_value}"
        )
        
        plt.scatter(
            change_points['update_hour'],
            change_points['price_total'],
            s=30,
            facecolors='white',
            edgecolors=colors[i % len(colors)],
            linewidths=2,
            zorder=3,
        )

        # 添加注释 (小时数, 价格, 舱位)
        # 点密集时自动抽样，避免文字严重重叠
        n_points = len(change_points)
        max_labels = 30
        step = max(1, int(np.ceil(n_points / max_labels)))
        label_points = change_points.iloc[::step].copy()

        # 确保最后一个点始终有注释
        if n_points > 0 and label_points.index[-1] != change_points.index[-1]:
            label_points = pd.concat([label_points, change_points.tail(1)])

        rotation_angle = 45 if n_points > max_labels else 25
        label_fontsize = 4 if n_points > max_labels else 5

        for _, row in change_points.iterrows():
            text = f"({row['hours_until_departure']}, {row['price_total']}, {row['cabins']})"
            plt.annotate(
                text,
                xy=(row['update_hour'], row['price_total']),
                xytext=(0, 0),  # 向右偏移
                textcoords="offset points",
                ha='left',
                va='center',
                fontsize=label_fontsize,  # 字体稍小
                color='gray',
                alpha=0.8,
                rotation=rotation_angle,
            )
        
        del change_points
        del df_g

    # 自动优化日期显示
    plt.gcf().autofmt_xdate()
    plt.xlabel('时刻', fontsize=12, fontproperties=font_prop)
    plt.ylabel('价格', fontsize=12, fontproperties=font_prop)
    plt.title(f'价格变化趋势 - 航线: {city_pair} 航班号: {flight_numbers}\n起飞时间: {from_time}',
              fontsize=14, fontweight='bold', fontproperties=font_prop)

    # 设置 x 轴刻度为每天
    ax = plt.gca()
    ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(mdates.DayLocator(interval=1))    # 每天一个主刻度
    ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(mdates.DateFormatter('%m-%d'))  # 显示月-日
    ax.xaxis.set_minor_locator(mdates.HourLocator(byhour=[12]))  # 指定在12:00显示副刻度
    ax.xaxis.set_minor_formatter(mdates.DateFormatter(''))       # 输出空字符串

    # 添加图例
    plt.legend(bbox_to_anchor=(1.05, 1), loc='best', prop=font_prop)
    plt.grid(True, alpha=0.3)
    plt.tight_layout()

    safe_flight = flight_numbers.replace(",", "_")
    safe_dep_time = from_time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H%M%S")
    save_file = f"{city_pair} {safe_flight} {safe_dep_time}.png"
    output_path = os.path.join(output_dir_temp, save_file)
    # 保存图片（在显示之前）
    plt.savefig(output_path, dpi=300, bbox_inches='tight', facecolor='white')

    # 关闭图形释放内存
    plt.close(fig)
    

def fill_hourly_create_time(df, head_fill=0, rear_fill=0):
    """补齐成小时粒度数据"""
    df = df.copy()

    # 1. 转 datetime
    df['create_time'] = pd.to_datetime(df['create_time'])
    df['from_time'] = pd.to_datetime(df['from_time'])

    # 添加一个用于分组的小时字段
    df['update_hour'] = df['create_time'].dt.floor('h')

    # 2. 排序规则：同一小时内，按原始时间戳排序
    # 假设你想保留最早的一条
    df = df.sort_values(['update_hour', 'create_time'])

    # 3. 按小时去重，保留该小时内最早(最晚)的一条
    df = df.drop_duplicates(subset=['update_hour'], keep='last')   #  keep='first'  keep='last'

    # 4. 标记原始数据
    df['is_filled'] = 0

    # 5. 排序 + 设索引
    df = df.sort_values('update_hour').set_index('update_hour')

    # 6. 构造完整小时轴
    start_of_hour = df.index.min()  # 默认 第一天 最早 开始
    if head_fill == 1:
        start_of_hour = df.index.min().normalize()  # 强制 第一天 00:00 开始

    end_of_hour = df.index.max()  # 默认 最后一天 最晚 结束
    if rear_fill == 1:
        end_of_hour = df.index.max().normalize() + pd.Timedelta(hours=23)  # 强制 最后一天 23:00 结束
    elif rear_fill == 2:
        if 'from_time' in df.columns:
            last_dep_time = df['from_time'].iloc[-1]
            if pd.notna(last_dep_time):
                # 对齐到整点小时（向下取整）
                end_of_hour = last_dep_time.floor('h')

    full_index = pd.date_range(
        start=start_of_hour,
        end=end_of_hour,
        freq='1h'
    )
    # 7. 按小时补齐
    df = df.reindex(full_index)

    # 先恢复 dtype（关键！）
    df = df.infer_objects(copy=False)

    # 8. 新增出来的行标记为 1
    df['is_filled'] = df['is_filled'].fillna(1)

    # 9. 前向填充
    df = df.ffill()

    # 10. 还原整型字段
    int_cols = [
        'ticket_amount',
        'baggage_weight',
        'is_filled',
    ]
    for col in int_cols:
        if col in df.columns:
            df[col] = df[col].astype('int64')

    # 10.5 价格字段统一保留两位小数
    price_cols = [
        'price_base',
        'price_tax',
        'price_total'
    ]
    for col in price_cols:
        if col in df.columns:
            df[col] = df[col].astype('float64').round(2)
    
    # 10.6 新增：距离起飞还有多少小时
    if 'from_time' in df.columns:
        # 创建临时字段（整点）
        df['from_hour'] = df['from_time'].dt.floor('h')
        # 计算小时差 df.index 此时就是 update_hour
        df['hours_until_departure'] = (
                (df['from_hour'] - df.index) / pd.Timedelta(hours=1)
        ).astype('int64')
        # 新增：距离起飞还有多少天
        df['days_to_departure'] = (df['hours_until_departure'] // 24).astype('int64')
        # 删除临时字段
        df = df.drop(columns=['from_hour'])
    
    # 11. 写回 update_hour
    df['update_hour'] = df.index

    # 12. 恢复普通索引
    df = df.reset_index(drop=True)

    return df


def process_flight_numbers(args):
    process_id, db_config, city_pair, flight_numbers, from_date_begin, from_date_end, is_train, plot_flag, output_dir = args
    print(f"[进程{process_id}] 开始处理航班号: {flight_numbers}")
    
    local_client = None
    db = _worker_db
    if db is None:
        try:
            local_client, db = mongo_con_parse(db_config)
            print(f"[进程{process_id}] ✅ 数据库连接创建成功")
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"[进程{process_id}] ❌ 数据库连接创建失败: {e}")
            return pd.DataFrame()
    
    try:
        df1 = query_flight_range_status(db, mongo_table_uo, city_pair, flight_numbers, from_date_begin, from_date_end)

        if df1.empty:
            return pd.DataFrame()
        
        common_dep_dates = df1['from_date'].unique()
        common_baggages = df1['baggage_weight'].unique()

        list_mid = []
        for dep_date in common_dep_dates:
            # 起飞日期筛选
            df_d1 = df1[df1["from_date"] == dep_date].copy()
            list_f1 = []
            for baggage in common_baggages:
                # 行李配额筛选
                df_b1 = df_d1[df_d1["baggage_weight"] == baggage].copy()
                if df_b1.empty:
                    print(f"[进程{process_id}] ⚠️ dep_date:{dep_date}, baggage:{baggage} 为空，跳过")
                    continue
                df_f1 = fill_hourly_create_time(df_b1, rear_fill=2)
                list_f1.append(df_f1)
                del df_f1
                del df_b1

            if list_f1:
                df_c1 = pd.concat(list_f1, ignore_index=True)
                if plot_flag:
                    print(f"[进程{process_id}] ✅ dep_date:{dep_date}, 所有 baggage 数据合并完成，总形状: {df_c1.shape}")
                    plot_c1_trend(df_c1, output_dir)
                    print(f"[进程{process_id}] ✅ dep_date:{dep_date}, 所有 baggage 数据绘图完成")
            else:
                df_c1 = pd.DataFrame()
                if plot_flag:
                    print(f"[进程{process_id}] ⚠️ dep_date:{dep_date}, 所有 baggage 数据合并为空")
            
            del list_f1
            list_mid.append(df_c1)

            del df_c1
            del df_d1
        
        if list_mid:
            df_mid = pd.concat(list_mid, ignore_index=True)
            print(f"[进程{process_id}] ✅ 航班号:{flight_numbers} 所有 起飞日期 数据合并完成，总形状: {df_mid.shape}")
        else:
            df_mid = pd.DataFrame()
            print(f"[进程{process_id}] ⚠️ 航班号:{flight_numbers} 所有 起飞日期 数据合并为空")
        
        del list_mid
        del df1
        gc.collect()
        print(f"[进程{process_id}] 结束处理航班号: {flight_numbers}")
        return df_mid
        
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"[进程{process_id}] ❌ 处理航班号:{flight_numbers} 时发生异常: {e}")
        return pd.DataFrame()
    finally:
        if local_client is not None:
            try:
                local_client.close()
                print(f"[进程{process_id}] ✅ 数据库连接已关闭")
            except Exception:
                pass


def load_data(db_config, city_pair, from_date_begin, from_date_end, is_train=True, plot_flag=False, output_dir='.', 
              use_multiprocess=False, max_workers=None):
    list_all = []
    
    print(f"开始处理航线: {city_pair}")
    main_client, main_db = mongo_con_parse(db_config)
    all_groups = query_groups_of_city_pair(main_db, city_pair, mongo_table_uo)
    main_client.close()
    
    all_groups_len = len(all_groups)
    print(f"该航线共有{all_groups_len}组航班号")

    if use_multiprocess and all_groups_len > 1:
        print(f"启用多进程处理，最大进程数: {max_workers}")
        # 多进程处理
        process_args = []
        process_id = 0
        for each_group in all_groups:
            flight_numbers = each_group.get("flight_numbers", "未知")
            process_id += 1
            args = (process_id, db_config, city_pair, flight_numbers, from_date_begin, from_date_end, is_train, plot_flag, output_dir)
            process_args.append(args)

        with ProcessPoolExecutor(max_workers=max_workers, initializer=init_worker_mongo, initargs=(db_config,)) as executor:
            future_to_group = {executor.submit(process_flight_numbers, args): each_group for args, each_group in zip(process_args, all_groups)}
            for future in as_completed(future_to_group):
                each_group = future_to_group[future]
                flight_numbers = each_group.get("flight_numbers", "未知")
                try:
                    df_mid = future.result()
                    if not df_mid.empty:
                        list_all.append(df_mid)
                        print(f"✅ 航班号:{flight_numbers} 处理完成")
                    else:
                        print(f"⚠️ 航班号:{flight_numbers} 处理结果为空")
                except Exception as e:
                    print(f"❌ 航班号:{flight_numbers} 处理异常: {e}")
            pass

    else:
        print("使用单进程处理")
        process_id = 0

        for each_group in all_groups:
            flight_numbers = each_group.get("flight_numbers", "未知")
            args = (process_id, db_config, city_pair, flight_numbers, from_date_begin, from_date_end, is_train, plot_flag, output_dir)
            try:
                df_mid = process_flight_numbers(args)
                if not df_mid.empty:
                    list_all.append(df_mid)
                    print(f"✅ 航班号:{flight_numbers} 处理完成")
                else:
                    print(f"⚠️ 航班号:{flight_numbers} 处理结果为空")
            except Exception as e:
                print(f"❌ 航班号:{flight_numbers} 处理异常: {e}")

    print(f"结束处理航线: {city_pair}")
    if list_all:
        df_all = pd.concat(list_all, ignore_index=True)
    else:
        df_all = pd.DataFrame()
    
    print(f"本批次数据加载完毕, 总形状: {df_all.shape}")
    del list_all
    gc.collect()

    return df_all


def validate_keep_one_line(db, table_name, city_pair, flight_numbers, baggage_weight, from_date, entry_price, del_batch_std_str,
                           limit=0, max_retries=3, base_sleep=1.0):
    """验证keep_info的一行"""

    for attempt in range(1, max_retries + 1):
        try:
            print(f"🔁 第 {attempt}/{max_retries} 次尝试查询") 

            collection = db[table_name]
            projection = {
                # "_id": 0   # 一般会关掉
                "citypair": 1,
                "flight_numbers": 1,
                "from_date": 1,
                "from_time": 1,
                "create_time": 1,
                "baggage_weight": 1,
                "cabins": 1,
                "ticket_amount": 1,
                "currency": 1,
                "price_base": 1,
                "price_tax": 1,
                "price_total": 1
            }            
            query = {
                "citypair": city_pair,
                "flight_numbers": flight_numbers,
                "baggage_weight": baggage_weight,
                "from_date": from_date,
                "create_time": {"$lte": del_batch_std_str}
            }
            raw_rows = list(collection.find(query, projection))
            if not raw_rows:
                return pd.DataFrame()
            
            df = pd.DataFrame(raw_rows)
            if df.empty or 'flight_numbers' not in df.columns or 'from_date' not in df.columns or 'create_time' not in df.columns:
                return pd.DataFrame()
            
            df['_create_time_dt'] = pd.to_datetime(df['create_time'], errors='coerce')
            df = df[df['_create_time_dt'].notna()].sort_values('_create_time_dt').reset_index(drop=True)
            if df.empty:
                return pd.DataFrame()

            entry_price_num = pd.to_numeric(entry_price, errors='coerce')
            if pd.isna(entry_price_num):
                return pd.DataFrame()
            
            df['_price_total_num'] = pd.to_numeric(df['price_total'], errors='coerce')
            matched_idx = df.index[df['_price_total_num'] == entry_price_num]
            if len(matched_idx) == 0:
                return pd.DataFrame()
            
            start_idx = matched_idx[-1]
            df = df.iloc[start_idx:].reset_index(drop=True)
            df = df.drop(columns=['_create_time_dt', '_price_total_num'])
            return df

        except (ServerSelectionTimeoutError, PyMongoError) as e:
            print(f"⚠️ Mongo 查询失败: {e}")
            if attempt == max_retries:
                print("❌ 达到最大重试次数，放弃")
                return pd.DataFrame()
            
            # 指数退避 + 随机抖动
            sleep_time = base_sleep * (2 ** (attempt - 1)) + random.random()
            print(f"⏳ {sleep_time:.2f}s 后重试...")
            time.sleep(sleep_time)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    
    cpu_cores = os.cpu_count()  # 你的系统是72
    max_workers = min(8, cpu_cores)  # 最大不超过8个进程

    output_dir = f"./photo"
    os.makedirs(output_dir, exist_ok=True)

    from_date_begin = "2026-04-21"
    from_date_end = "2026-05-10"

    uo_city_pairs = uo_city_pairs_new.copy()

    uo_city_pair_list = [f"{pair[:3]}-{pair[3:]}" for pair in uo_city_pairs]

    for idx, uo_city_pair in enumerate(uo_city_pair_list, start=1):
        # 使用默认配置
        # client, db = mongo_con_parse()
        print(f"第 {idx} 组 :", uo_city_pair)

        start_time = time.time()
        load_data(mongo_config, uo_city_pair, from_date_begin, from_date_end,
                  plot_flag=True, output_dir=output_dir, use_multiprocess=True, max_workers=max_workers)
        end_time = time.time()
        run_time = round(end_time - start_time, 3)
        print(f"用时: {run_time} 秒")